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SPECIAL   REPORT 


or  TBB 


STATE  VETERINARIAN 


on 


Foot  and  Mouth  Disease 


IN    VIRGINIA 


Its  Cause,  How  Spread  Among  Cattle,  Other  Ruminants 
and  Swine,  and  Its  Control  and  Eradication 


RICHMOND 
Clyde  W.  Saundebs,  Printer  and  Publisher 

1916 


Ill 
1 )  » 


linn     iiiin\    i'.   Stuart,   Governor  of  Virginia. 


SPECIAL    REPORT 


OP   THE 


STATE  VETERINARIAN 


ON 


Foot  and  Mouth  Disease 


IN    VIRGINIA 


1 — .-_ 

-    .  - 

9    - 


Its  Cause,  How  Spread  Among  Cattle,  Other  Ruminants 
and  Swine,  and  Its  Control  and  Eradication 


RICHMOND: 

Clyde  W.  Saunders,  Printer  and  Publisher 

1916 


*#> 


•  •  -    ; 


Evingtox,  Va.,  June  15,  1916. 

To  His  Excellency, 

Hon.  II.  C.  Stuart, 

Governor  of  Virginia. 

Herewith  is  submitted  the  report  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Ferneyhough, 
State  Veterinarian,  of  work  done  by  him  under  the  direction  of  the 
State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  in  Connection  with  controlling  and 
eradicating  an  outbreak  of  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  which  was 
introduced  into  the  State  during  the  fall  of  1914,  causing  us  to 
prescribe  and  enforce  certain  quarantine  rules  and  regulations  from 
the  above  mentioned  date  until  March  31,  1916. 

In  consideration  of  the  fact  that  while  some  of  the  other  States 
into  which  this  disease  was  introduced  spent  from  one  to  several 
million  dollars  in  eradicating  the  same,  and  that  none  of  them  spent 
less  than  seventy-five  thousand  dollars,  except  the  State  of  Vir- 
ginia, which  spent  only  $13,854.9-2,  I  feel  that  we  were  extremely 
fortunate,  and  the  results  thus  most  gratifying  and  encouraging. 

Respectfully, 


Chairman  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board. 


M  8050 


Richmond,  Va.,  May  17.  1916. 

Hon.  J  no.  Thompson  Brown, 

Chairman  of  Virginia  state  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board, 
Evimgton,  Va. 

Sir: 

I   have  the  honor  to  submit  to  you  the  following   report   of 

the  work  done  by  this  office  in  connection  with  controlling  ami 
eradicating  an  outbreak  of  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  which  was 
introduced  into  the  State,  among  our  cattle  and  hogs,  during  the 
fall  of  1914,  causing  us  to  prescribe  and  enforce  certain  quarantine 
rules  and  regulations  from  the  above  mentioned  date  until  March 
31,  1916. 

Respectfully. 


State  V'  t<  rmari&n. 


Special  Report  of  the  State  Veterinarian  on  Foot  and  Mouth 

Disease  in  Virginia,  Its  Cause,  How  Spread  Among 

Cattle,    Other    Ruminants,    and    Swine, 

Its  Control  and  Eradication. 


During  the  month  of  November,  1014,  the  first  cases  of  Foot 
and  Month  Disease  were  sent  into  Virginia  by  a  shipment  of  feed- 
ing cattle  from  the  State  of  Maryland.  This  shipment  went  to 
Loudoun  county.  The  outbreak  was  controlled  and  eradicated 
there. 

Later,  the  disease  was  sent  us  in  a  shipment  of  bulls  to  the 
Valentine's  Meat  Juice  Company,  Richmond,  Va.,  from  the  Chicago 
Yards.  Said  shipment  was  permitted  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Ani- 
mal Industry.  Upon  reaching  Richmond  some  of  the  bulls  were 
found  to  be  affected  with  foot  and  mouth  disease.  However,  with 
the  prompt  assistance  of  Dr.  Henry  Marshall,  Inspector  in  Charge 
of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  force,  located  in  Richmond,  we  at  once  had 
the  shipment  slaughtered  under  strict  inspection,  disinfecting  every- 
thing. The  State  immediately  placed  a  strict  quarantine  around 
the  Valentine  plant.  Not  a  case  of  the  disease  spread  from  this 
center. 

Sometime  later,  a  shipment  of  hogs  for  slaughter,  accompanied 
by  a  U.  S.  Bureau  permit,  from  the  West,  reached  W.  S.  Forbes' 
abattoir  in  Richmond,  and  many  of  the  hogs  proved  to  be  affected 
with  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease. 

It  appears  that  the  hogs,  like  the  bulls,  were  started  on  the 
shipment  in  a  healthy  condition  but  had  been  exposed  to  the  dis- 
ease before  shipment,  and  thus  the  trouble  broke  out  while  the 
shipment  was  in  transit,  or  about  the  time  the  said  hogs  reached 
Virginia. 

The  diseased  hogs  which  reached  the  Forbes  plant  (this  plant 
is  adjacent  to  the  Richmond  Union  Stock  Yards)  caused  us  con- 
siderable alarm,  as  we  realized  the  fact  that  the  virus  might  be 
carried  into  the  Stock  Yards  by  birds,  rats,  or  in  many  other  ways. 

At  once  a  fight  was  started  to  disinfect  the  Forbes  plant,  clean- 
ing and  disinfecting  according  to  U.  S.  regulations.  Owing  to  the 
fact  that  the  Forbes  plant  was  so  near  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  the 
State  authorities  deemed  it  necessary  to  quarantine  the  said  Stock 
Yards  along  with  the  Forbes  plant,  and  to  have  the  same  policed, 
cleaned,  and  disinfected.    This  was  done  as  effectually  as  possible. 

Nothing  appeared  to  get  out  from  the  infected  premises  for  a 
while,  but  later  an  outbreak  occurred  on  the  well  known  Miller 
farm,  which  is  located  on  the  Seven  Pines  Railway  line,  about  five 


miles  from  the  Union  Mock  Yards.  However,  in  investigating 
the  Miller  outbreak.  I  learned  that  Mr.  Miller  had  Keen  setting 
the  swill  from  a  brewery  tank,  which  is  located  not  far  from  the 
W.  S.  Forbes  plant.  While  I  might  be  wrong,  I  have  always 
thought  that  the  infection  got  from  the  Forbes"  abattoir  to  the 
brewery  (by  birds,  rats,  or  in  some  way)  and  from  the  tank  there, 
it  got  to  the  Miller  herd,  which  resulted  in  the  entire  herd  of 
cattle  on  the  Miller  farm  being  shot  and  buried. 

With  the  constant  assistance  of  Mr.  Miller,  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  and  the  deputies  appointed  by  the  State,  to- 
gether with  the  loyal  local  support  of  the  people  of  the  City  of 
Richmond  and  the  surrounding  territory,  the  State  managed  to  stop 
the  trouble  on  the  Miller  place,  and  not  one  case  resulted  in  the 
State  from  this  terrible  outbreak,  which  affected  about  two  hundred 
head  of  cattle.  While  the  work  of  handling  this  matter  was  nerve 
racking,  as  it  had  to  be  kept  up  night  and  day,  for  days,  weeks, 
and  months,  yet  it  was  done  with  good  results,  thanks  to  the  good 
people  of  old  Virginia. 

Just  about  the  time  we  had  the  Miller  trouble  under  control,  a 
wire  came,  saying  there  was  an  outbreak  in  Frederick  county, 
among  cattle  in  the  section  near  Winchester.  Veterinarians  were 
at  once  dispatched  there  by  the  State  and  the  U.  S.  Bureau,  and 
the  situation  was  handled  there  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner  by 
Drs.  Willis,  Xoonan,  and  Miller,  for  the  State,  in  co-operation  with 
the  Bureau  Veterinarians.  Here  again,  the  local  people  did  all  in 
their  power  to  co-operate  with,  and  help  the  State  and  Federal 
authorities,  stamp  out  the  disease. 

The  Frederick  comity  outbreak  was  the  last  case  of  foot  and 
mouth  disease  scut  to  Virginia.  We  never  knew  exactly  how  this 
disease  got  into  West  Virginia;  but  the  outbreak  was  scut  from 
West  Virginia  to  Virginia  by  some  cattle  which  were  sold  in  the 
State  of  West  Virginia  to  some  Virginia  cattlemen,  no  one  know- 
ing at  the  time  that  the  cattle  were  affected  with  foot  and  mouth 
disease. 

Further  in  this  report  will  he  noticed  the  articles  which  were 
quarantined  against.  ;is  the  same  are  mentioned  in  detail  in  the 
proclamations  issued  by  the  Governor.  From  the  many  different 
articles  mentioned,  everyone  can  see  at  a  glance,  why  the  quaran- 
tine regulations  affected  so  many  different   lines  of  commerce.     It 

is  a  known  fact  that  the  disease  has  been  carried  by  packing  ma- 
terial, which  had  been  exposed  to  affected  live  stock,  also  by  bides, 
litter,  bags,  etc.  thus  we  had  to  take  every  precaution.     By  doing 


this,  and  actually  living  up  to  it,  to  the  letter,  we  controlled  and 
eradicated  the  disease  in  Virginia  at  a  total  cost  of  $13,854.9:2,  while 
many  of  the  other  States  went  up  in  the  millions,  and  yet  in  the 
beginning  they  had  no  more  of  the  disease  than  Virginia  started 
with. 

As  State  Veterinarian  of  Virginia,  allow  me  here  to  thank  the 
people  of  Virginia  for  their  support  in  the  fight  against  this 
trouble.  Being  a  son  of  the  old  Virginia  Commonwealth,  I  felt 
that  I  was  at  home,  and  in  time  of  trouble  I  believed  the  home 
people  would  stand  by  me.  They  did,  and  we  won  the  fight  at 
a  very  small  cost.  While  the  Legislature  was  liberal  in  appro- 
priating one  hundred  and  ten  thousand  dollars  for  this  fight,  happy 
am  I  to  say  that  we  used  only  the  amount  above  mentioned. 

Not  only  were  the  people  of  Virginia  with  us,  but  fortunately 
at  this  time  wTe  had  a  live  stock  man  for  Governor,  who  appre- 
ciated the  danger  to  the  cattle  industry  from  the  very  beginning. 
Governor  H.  C.  Stuart,  though  confined  to  his  room  by  sickness, 
had  me  visit  him  there  night  and  day  (not  excepting  Sunday). 
He  got  out  his  proclamation  in  February,  and  from  the  same  pub- 
lished elsewhere  in  this  report,  you  can  see  that  he  attended  to 
every  detail  with  the  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  in  this 
matter.  The  Governor  personally  appealed  to  the  General  Assem- 
bly for  a  good  liberal  appropriation  to  handle  this  work,  and 
then  cautioned  the  State  Veterinarian  not  to  use  a  dollar  that  was 
not  absolutely  necessary. 

After  the  shipment  of  diseased  hogs  had  been  sent  to  the  W. 
S.  Forbes'  establishment  here  in  Richmond,  the  Governor  and  the 
Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  decided  not  to  allow  any  more  cattle, 
sheep,  or  swine  to  enter  Virginia  from  any  quarantined  State,  or 
any  State,  any  portion  of  which  was  under  quarantine  by  the  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  on  account  of  Foot  and  Mouth  Dis- 
ease. Thus  working  together,  the  Governor  and  the  State  Live 
Stock  Sanitary  Board  took  this  matter  up  and  instructed  the  State 
Veterinarian  accordingly.  In  fact,  it  was  a  pleasure  to  work  with 
such  a  loyal  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board,  when  the  Governor  sat 
with  us,  and  in  fact  was  made  a  part  of  the  Board  from  the  very 
beginning,  and  thus  the  work  was  pushed  by  the  complete  union 
of  the  Governor,  the  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board,  the  State 
Veterinarian  as  their  agent,  the  veterinarians  of  the  State  as  assist- 
ants, and  the  live  stock  owners  and  people  as  co-operators. 

In  conclusion,  I  feel  it  my  duty  to  mention  the  work  done  by 
Flon.  Jno.  Thompson  Brown,  of  Evington,  Va.,  who  is  chairman 


8 

of  the  Virginia  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board,  and  the  Hon. 
J.  A.  Turner  of  Hollins,  as  these  two  members  were  sent  to  Rich- 
mond by  the  Board  to  co-operate  with  the  Governor,  the  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  and  the  State  Veterinarian. 

When  it  is  remembered  that  the  members  of  the  State  Live 
Stock  Sanitary  Board  do  not  get  one  dollar's  pay  for  their  ser- 
vices, the  people  are  obliged  to  appreciate  the  time  given,  and  ser- 
vices rendered,  by  these  members  upon  such  occasions  as  we  experi- 
enced during  the  months  of  January.  February,  and  March,  in 
1915,,  when  changes  in  the  regulations  were  being  made  every  few 
days,  to  meet  the  U.  S.  Government  requirements  affecting  inter- 
state shipments,  to  accommodate  our  business  people  commercially, 
and  last,  but  not  least,  to  protect  the  State  of  Virginia  against  any 
further  danger  of  the  spread  of  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  among 
its  live  stock. 

In  this  connection.  I  desire  to  say  that  Dr.  Henry  Marshall, 
inspector  in  Charge  of  the  Richmond  branch  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  was  most  loyal  and  untiring  in  his  efforts  to 
assist  the  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  in  its  work.  In  fact  the 
Governor,  the  Board,  and  the  State  Veterinarian,  not  only  feel 
that  Virginia  was  fortunate  in  having  the  assistance  of  Dr.  Mar* 
shall,  but  that  the  U.  S.  Bureau  is  to  be  congratulated  on  Inning 
him  in  charge  of  their  local  branch  here. 

STATE  LIVE  STOCK  SANITARY  BOARD: 

Hon.  H.  C.  Stuart,  Govt  rnor  of  Virginia. 

Richmond,  Ya. 
Hon.  Jxo.  Thompson   Brown,  Chairman. 

Kvington.  Ya. 
W.  C.  Shackelford, 

Promt,  Va. 

JOS.    A.    Tl  RNER, 

1  Iollins.  Va. 
Hon.  J.   B.  W  \  i  k  i\ -~. 

Midlothian,    Va. 
Hon.  J.  D.   E0GLE8TON,  {Ex-officio), 

Blacksburg,  Va. 
C.  I.  Wade,  Secretary  "n</  Treasurer, 

( Ihristiansburg,  Va. 

.1.  (i.  FERNTCYHOUGH,  State  Veterinarian, 

Richmond,  Va. 
A.  I).  LIVESAY,  Sec'y.  State  Veterinarian. 


.Miller    Cattle    Dead    in    the    Ditch. 


Contractor    Luck    Digging   the    Ditch    for    the    Miller    Cattle. 


:>  . 


. 


9 


FINANCIAL    STATEMENT    OF    VIRGINIA'S    EXPENSES 
COMBATING  FOOT  AND  MOUTH  DISEASE. 

MILLER  BROTHERS,  Richmond,  Va.: 

Cattle  slaughtered,  270  dairy  cows;  valuation  $16,- 

000.00.    Paid  by  State $    8,000  00 

A.  C.  CAMPBELL,  Winchester,  Va.: 

Cattle  slaughtered,  35;  hogs  23;  valuation  $1,983.50 

Paid  by  State 991  75 

JOHN  M.  LARRICK,  Chambersville,  Va. 

Cattle  slaughtered,  26;  hogs  slaughtered,  29;  valua- 
tion, $1,528.00.     Paid  by  State   ",         764  00 

M.  L.  MILLER,  Opequan,  Va.  * 

Cattle  slaughtered,  18;  hogs  slaughtered,  22;  valua- 
tion, $958.00.     Paid  by  State   479  00 

CARSON  LIVE  STOCK  CO.',  Richmond,  Va.: 

Cattle  slaughtered,  10  dairy  cows;  valuation,  $650.00. 
Received  for  dressed  products,  $355.00.     Total, 

$295.90.    Paid  by  State 147  50 

General  office  expenditures,  veterinary  inspections,  in- 
vestigations, disinfectants,  and  general  expenses  in- 
cluding labor  and  police  3,472  67 

Amount  paid  by  State   $  13,854  92 


10 


AX  ADDRESS  DELIVERED  BEFORE  THE  ILLINOIS  GEN- 
ERAL  ASSEMBLY,   JANTAKY    L9,    1915,    BY    PRO- 
FESSOR V.  A.  MOORE,  DEAN  OF  THE  VETEK- 
[NARY  DEPARTMENT,  CORNELL  UNI- 
VERSITY, ITHACA,  NEW  YORK.  ON 
FOOT  AND  MOUTH  DISEASE. 


Mr.  Chairman:  When  I  was  invited  to  be  here  today,  it  was 
my  understanding  that  I  was  to  appear  before  a  committee  and 
be  questioned  rather  than  to  make  an  address  to  a  body  of  this 
kind.  However,  on  consultation  with  the  Governor  and  the  State 
Veterinarian,  it  seems  to  be  their  wish  that  I  make  a  statement 
to  you  concerning  the  Foot   and  Mouth   Disease. 

Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  while  new  to  the  people  in  the  mid- 
dle and  farther  western  section  of  this  country,  is  not  new  to  the 
veterinary  profession.  It  is  supposed  to  have  had  its  origin  in  the 
Orient  and  to  have  gradually  traveled  westward  until  by  the  mid- 
die  of  the  eighteenth  century  it  had  spread  over  the  entire  con- 
tient  of  Europe  and  to  the  British  Isles.  Since  that  time  great 
effort  has  been  made  on  the  part  of  the  European  governments 
to  eradicate  it  from  their  countries.  It  has.  on  five  previous  occa- 
sions, made  its  way  to  this  country.  These  occurrences  were  in 
ISO.  between   L880  and  1883,  1884,  1902,  1908,  and  1914, 

Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  is  perhaps  the  most  easily  spread  in- 
fectious and  communicable  disease  of  domesticated  animals.  It  at- 
tacks chiefly  ruminating  animals  and  pigs,  although  other  species 
are  not  entirely  exempt  from  it.  It  is  caused  by  some  specific 
agent,  the  exact  nature  of  which  we  do  not  know.  It  will  pass 
through  a  Berkfell  filter  and  for  that  reason  its  cause  is  known 
as  a  filterable  virus.  It  is  an  eruptive  fibre  and  belongs  to  the 
class  of  exant heinatoiis  diseases  akin  to  smallpox,  measles,  scarlet 

fever,   and   the   like.      It    begins   with    a    rise    in    temperature,    which 

after  one  <>r  two  days  is  followed  by  the  eruption  of  vesicles  on 

the   lips.  gums,   inside  of   the   cheeks,   and    tongue:    in   cows   on   the 

teats  and  on  the  inter-digital  spaces;  in  swine  it  frequently  does 
not  attack  the  mouth.  In  a  few  days  these  vesicles  break,  leaving 
a  raw  and  usually  deeply  reddened  surface.  After  the  vesicles 
ha\c  broken  the  characteristic  of  the  disease  has  disappeared  and 
its  diagnosis  becomes  more  difficult.     [Jnlike  other  infectious  dis 


11 

eases  of  this  class,  immunity   following  it  is  very   slight;   cattle 
often  suffer  from  a  second  attack  within  a  few  weeks. 

The  period  of  incubation  is  said  by  most  authorities  to  be 
from  three  to  six  days.  In  the  present  outbreak  evidence  has  been 
accumulated  to  show  that  it  may  be  much  longer. 

Another  point  of  interest  is  the  rapidity  with  which  the  dis- 
ease runs  its  course  and  the  promptness  with  which  the  lesions  in 
the  mouth  will  disappear.  The  mortality  is  very  slight.  It  is 
given  by  different  authorities  at  from  one-half  of  one  per  cent, 
to  ten  per  cent.,  but  occasionally  there  are  outbreaks  in  which  the 
mortality  is  very  high.  The  sequelae  of  the  disease  may  be  varied. 
While  many  animals  recover,  a  considerable  percentage  of  them 
develop  abscesses  in  the  udder  and  in  other  cases  the  hoofs  drop 
off.     This  latter  seems  to  be  particularly  true  of  hogs. 

While  the  disease  is  not,  in  the  beginning,  very  serious  the 
secondary  lesions  that  follow,  together  with  the  loss  of  milk  and 
flesh  during  the  disease,  render  it  one  of  the  most  serious  of  the 
infectious  diseases  of  animals. 

Dr.  Cope  (Seventh  International  Congress  of  Veterinary  Sur- 
geons, Baden  Baden,  1890,  vol.  1,  p.  184)  stated  at  the  Interna- 
tional Veterinary  Congress  at  Baden  Baden  in  1899,  as  follows: 

'  "It  is  true  that  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  rarely  assumes  a  fatal 
character,  but  the  fact  that  nearly  all  classes  of  animals  on  the 
farm  are  susceptible  renders  the  neighborhood  losses  much  greater 
in  the  case  of  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  than  rinderpest  or  pleuro- 
pneumonia, which  only  affects  cattle.  In  my  country,  where  it  has 
existed  for  at  least  50  years,  it  has  caused  enormous  loss  and  in- 
convenience, greater  than  that  of  all  the  other  contagious  diseases 
combined." 

This  is  an  exceedingly  important  statment  when  we  call  to 
mind  the  statement  of  Dr.  Gangee,  that  because  of  the  neglect  on, 
the  part  of  the  British  government,  rinderpest  and  pleuro-pneu- 
monia  had  cost  Great  Britain  and  her  colonies  more  than  four 
hundred   million    dollars. 

Hafner  stated,  at  the  same  congress,  concerning  the  ravages 
of  this  disease  in  southern  Germany,  that : 

"Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  had  prevailed  almost  continually  in 
Germany  for  a  long  series  of  years  and  it  had  caused  losses  much 
greater  than  all  other  episodic  diseases  combined.  It  had  also  been 
found  that  the  disease,  instead  of  following  a  benign  course  as 
formerly,  had,  during  recent  years,  become   very  malignant.     In 


12 

fact  in  numerous  sections  hundreds  of  cattle  had  suddenly  died  and 
certain  estates  had  lost  from  a  third  to  a  half  of  their  stock." 

The  seriousness  of  the  secondary  lesions  that  follow  this  disease 
may  be  understood  from  the  following  statement  from  the  report 
of  the  outbreak  in  Xew  England  in  1902  (  Report  of  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  1002)  : 

"In  Massachusetts  a  number  of  herds  were  preserved  which 
had  the  disease  in  a  mild  form  and  which  had  apparently  recovered 
at  the  time  the  inspection  was  made.  In  about  one-third  of  the 
cases  where  the  owners  afterwards  came  in  with  the  statements  that 
relapses  had  occurred  with  their  animals,  some  were  again  affected 
with  a  formation  of  vesicles  and  most  of  those  had  abscesses  in 
the  udders  which  made  them  unfit  for  milk  production.  At  the  time 
these  cattle  were  slaughtered  the  udders  of  many  of  them  were  so 
distended  with  pus  that  they  were  ruptured  as  the  animals  fell  and 
discharged   vast  quantities  of  this  liquid." 

In  order  to  show  that  the  general  character  of  the  disease  is 
not  always  mild  it  should  be  stated  that  it  was  not  until  1  -- 7 r>  that 
it  was  classiHed  in  Denmark  as  a  '•malignant,  infectious  disease." 
It  is  now  regarded  in  that  country  as  one  of  the  most  harmful 
diseases  among  domesticated  animals,  ami  the  greatest  efforts  are 
now  being  made  to  keep  it  in  check. 

In  addition  to  the  serious  udder  and  feet  trouble.  Professor 
Bang  makes  the  further  statement: 

''It  may  be  added  that  in  nearly  all  outbreaks  some  cows  con- 
tract inflammation  of  the  udder,  with  the  result  that  many  of 
these  cows  become  more  or  less  worthless  for  milking:  some  cows 
get  a  malignant  and  persistent  hoof  complaint  which  weakens  them 
generally.  Furthermore  a  number  of  young  calves  and  pigs  die. 
as  well  as  adult  animals  occasionally;  abortion  is  also  liable  to 
occur:  and  all  this  without  taking  into  account  the  emaciation 
caused  by  the  disease.     There   is  thus  every   reason   for  treating  the 

disease  and  doing  everything  possible  to  prevent  it>  gaining  firm 
footing." 

It  is  important   to  understand  the  means  by   which  this  disease 

is  disseminated.    As  already  stated,  it  is  one  of  the  most  infectious 

diseases  of  which    we    have  knowledge.      As  the   virus  or  •"seed"  of 

the  disease  is  discharged   from  the  infected  animal,  it   is  readily 

understood  that  the  diseased  animal   is  the  OlOSt   important   means  of 
Carrying  the   infection.      It    is  also   recognized,   and    very   extended 

experiments  by  Professor  I  less,  of  Berne,  Switzerland,  prove  that 


13 

animals  that  have  recovered  from  the  disease  are  still  able  to  trans- 
mit it  for  a  variable  length  of  time.  Professor  Hess  found  that 
animals  that  had  apparently  recovered  gave  olf  the  germ  of  the 
disease  five  months  later.  Here,  then,  we  have  a  carrier  exactly 
similar  to  the  typhoid  carriers,  or  the  diphtheria  spreaders,  of 
which  you  are  all  familiar.  In  addition  to  the  diseased  animals 
and  those  that  had  apparently  recovered  the  germs  of  the  disease 
are  transmitted  frequently  on  the  clothing  of  men  who  are  caring 
for  them,  and  by  pigs,  cats,  and  birds.  As  the  germ  is  able  to 
live  for  considerable  length  of  time  it  can  be  carried  on  hay,  grain, 
feed  bags,  or  any  other  articles  that  may  come  in  contact  with  the 
diseased  animal.  Milk  from  infected  herd  and  milk  cans  that  have 
come  in  contact  with  such  animals  also  spread  the  virus.  It  is 
necessary,  therefore,  that  every  article  that  may  become  contami- 
nated by  the  diseased  animals  should  be  kept  from  sound  cattle. 

Although  the  cause  of  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  is  not  defi- 
nitely known,  it  has  been  shown  that  it  will  be  destroyed  in  the 
saliva  of  the  diseased  animals  when  it  is  kept  at  a  temperature  of 
37  degrees  centigrade  for  a  short  time,  but  it  has  been  known  to 
retain  its  power  to  produce  disease  for  a  period  of  several  months 
1vhen  kept  at  zero  temperature  centigrade. 

The  economic  importance  of  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  is  not 
generally  understood.  Because  it  has  a  low  mortality,  people  some- 
times think  it  is  of  not  much  importance.  Professor  Bang  has 
pointed  out  that  where  dairy  cows  recover,  the  cost  from  the  loss 
of  milk,  etc.,  in  Germany,  has  been  50  marks  (twelve  and  one-half 
dollars) .  In  the  Netherlands  it  has  been  shown  that  it  cost  $20  for 
every  sick  animal  that  recovered.  Professor  Bang  has  pointed  out 
that  "there  are  many  instances  of  the  disease  developing  a  very 
malignant  character,  with  a  mortality  of  from  5  to  50  per  cent, 
among  adult  animals,  and  from  50  to  80  per  cent,  among  young 
animals.  Malignant  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  of  this  kind  is  most 
apt  to  attack  dirty  and  overcrowded  farms,  but  they  may  occur  in 
a  very  malignant  form  with  numerous  sudden  deaths  reminiscent 
of  anthrax.  Such  epidemics  have  been  observed  in  many  different 
countries,  both  in  former  and  recent  times.  In  1839  2,000  head  of 
cattle  died  in  the  cantons  of  Berne  and  Fribourg  in  Switzerland; 
in  18T2  in  the  French  Department  of  Nievre,  more  than  20  per 
cent,  of  the  calves  and  over  22  per  cent  of  the  pigs  were  destroyed 
by  the  disease  in  the  course  of  two  months.  In  the  summer  of 
1892  there  died  in  Bavaria,  over  3,000  head  of  cattle,  and  in  1896 


14 

in  Wurttemberg,  1,500;  at  Barcelona,  in  Spain,  there  died  in  1901 
50  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  young  cattle.  In  Transylvania  711  out 
of'  7,498,  or  9.4  per  cent.,   were  destroyed  in    L899." 

He  also  mentions  a  number  of  other  places  in  Europe  where 
the  mortality  ranges  from  10  to  50  per  cent.     He  then  continues: 

"However,  it  is  not  these  apparently  rare  cases  of  great  mor- 
tality that  cause  the  chief  trouble.  It  is  the  acutely  infectious  na- 
ture  of  the  disease  which  makes  it  so  serious.  AVhen  it  is  left 
alone  it  spreads  to  an  enormous  number  of  farms  and  with  the 
present  quick  and  easy  means  of  communication  it  might  quite 
easily  extend  to  nearly  all  the  farms  of  a  country  or  province,  with 
the  result  that  the  aggregate  of  numerous  small  losses  represents 
in  the  end  an  enormous  sum.  Thus  the  loss  suffered  by  Germany 
in  1892,  when  over  1.300,000  head  of  cattle,  over  2.000,000  sheep 
and  goats,  and  over  400,000  pigs  were  reported  to  be  infected,  was 
estimated  at  over  one  hundred  million  marks  (^25,000,000).  And 
this  year,  1911,  the  loss  is  sure  to  be  much  greater." 

The  most  important  question  before  the  people  of  the  United 
States  is  the  method  of  control.  There  are  but  two  methods  that 
are  possible,  namely,  quarantine  and  eradication  by  slaughter.  The 
quarantine  method  is  the  one  that  is  adopted  in  Europe,  and  after 
years  of  trial  it  was  reported  at  the  International  Congress  at 
Baden  Baden  in  1899,  by  Hess,  of  Berne,  who  stated : 

"The  diseased  animals  should  be  destroyed  completely,  includ- 
ing the  heads  and  hair,  and  the  exposed  slaughtered  under  police 
supervision." 

Dr.  Cope,  of  England,  speaking  of  an  outbreak  in  that  coun- 
try, says: 

"It  was  eventually  stamped  out  in  the  county  of  Kent  by  the 
purchase,  slaughter,  and  burial  of  several  of  the  affected  Hocks." 

Professor  Dammann,  of  Hanover,  at  the  same  Congress  men- 
tioned, said: 

"Without  an  absolute  quarantine  of  the  Infected  farms,  pre- 
venting even  the  movement  of  persons,  the  control  of  Foot  and 
Mouth  Disease  is  not  to  be  thought  of":  "but  this  measure."  he 
says,  "cannot   be  executed." 

He  further  said  that  the  "very  severe  requirements  of  the  sani- 
tary law  has  not  succeeded  in  eradicating  the  disease,  ami  notwith- 
standing the  quarantine  of  the  infected  stables,  reinforced  in  many 
cases  by  the  quarantine  of  the  districts  and  even  of  a  large  /.one 

around    these:    notwithstanding   the    very    extended    prohibition    of 


15 

animal  markets  and  the  supervision  exercised  over  the  abattoirs, 
dealers,  stables,  and  railroad  cars,  the  disease  continued  to  prevail."' 

We  have,  then,  the  evidence  that  in  countries  where  the  disease 
has  grown  up  its  control  has  been  found  to  be  impossible  through 
any  quarantine  that  can  be  imposed,  and  in  place  of  this  Euro- 
peans have  recommended  slaughter  of  infected  and  exposed  ani- 
mals, and  a  thorough  disinfection  of  the  infected  premises. 

In  view  of  the  unsatisfactory  experience  in  Europe  under  the 
quarantine  system,  this  government  adopted  the  policy  of  permit- 
ting eradication  by  means  of  the  slaughter  of  the  infected  and  ex- 
posed animals.  This  was  first  applied  in  the  outbreak  in  1884  in 
Portland,  Me.;  it  was  successfully  employed  in  the  1902  outbreak 
in  Xew  England,  and  in  the  1908  outbreak.  It  is  this  method  that 
the  government  has  adopted  in  the  present  most  serious  of  all 
outbreaks  in  the  United  States.  It  has  been  largely  successful  and 
it  is  believed  that  it  will  be  entirely  so.  There  seems  to  be  no 
other, way  by  which  this  disease  can  be  rooted  out  of  the  country, 
other  than  to  destroy  every  carrier  of  the  virus  and  the  disinfection 
of  all  contaminated  places.  It  should  be  clearly  understood  that 
in  eradicating  this  disease  the  first  cost  is  the  least.  Should  Foot 
and  Mouth  Disease  be  allowed  to  remain  in  any  section  of  this 
country  it  would  cause  a  quarantine  to  be  placed  upon  the  whole 
country  by  other  nations,  and  in  this  country  it  would  very  likely 
cause  the  State  or  States  in  which  the  disease  continued  to  remain, 
to  be  quarantined  by  other  States,  AVe  cannot  afford  to  have  the 
disease  in  our  land.  Thrice  it  has  been  entirely  eradicated  by 
this  method,  and  there  is  no  reason  to  expect  that  for  the  fourth 
time  it  will  not  be  entirely  removed  from  this  country,  and  the 
lessons  that  I  hope  we  have  learned  from  it  will  enable  both  States 
and  Nation  to  adopt  such  measures  in  the  future  as  are  necessary 
to  forever  keep  it  away. 

I  thank  you  for  your  kind  attention  and  trust  that  these  some- 
what rambling  remarks  on  the  nature  and  control  of  this  disease 
may  be  of  some  assistance  to  you. 

MYCOTIC  STOMATITIS. 

This  is  a  sporadic,  non-contagious  disease,  affecting  cattle  of 
all  ages  while  on  pasture,  and  especially  milch  cows. 

It  is  characterized  by  inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  mouth,  sore  and  swollen  feet,  salivation  and 
loss  of  appetite,  and  in  cases  erosions  of  the  skin  on  the  teats  and 


16 

udders  of  cows,  with  a  chapped  or  scabby  appearance  of  the  muzzle. 
The  temperature  is  often  elevated,  and  the  affected  animal  loses 
flesh  and  falls  oil'  in  milk  to  a  marked  degree. 

I  'cause —  (Etiology ) . 

This  disease  is  caused  by  fungi,  or  moulds,  which  infest  the 
forage,  and  with  which  the  animal  conies  in  contact  while  pas- 
turing on  grasses  containing  such  fungi  or  moulds. 

The  disease  gets  its  name,  as  can  be  seen,  from  the  fact  that 
it  is  the  result  of  some  irritating  fungi — hence  mycotic  stomatitis. 
The  fungus  of  rape,  etc.,  (according  to  Dr.  John  E.  Mohler,  of  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry),  and  other  fungi,  too, 
are  held  responsible  for  this  trouble  in  cattle. 

As  a  rule  the  disease  appears  when  a  hot  dry  spell  in  the  graz- 
ing season  is  followed  by  rainy  spells,  thus  the  conditions  which 
are  best  suited  for  the  production  of  fungi  on  the  pastures. 

The  disease  is  not  fatal  unless  the  animal  affected  is  allowed 
to  suffer  from  lack  of  attention,  while  its  mouth  and  feet  are  too 
sore  for  the  said  animal  to  get  food  and  water.  The  cow  with 
this  trouble  will,  as  a  rule,  eat,  if  the  food  is  placed  back  on  her 
tongue  so  she  can  handle  it.  But  she  is  not  able,  in  many  cases. 
to  take  the  food  up  alone,  and  get  it  into  her  mouth,  owing  to  the 
Aery  sensitive  sore  mucous  membranes.  Potatoes,  corn,  etc.,  placed 
back  on  the  tongue  will  be  readily  eaten  by  the  sick  animal  as 
a  rule. 

Treatment  consists  in  placing  the  affected  animal  in  good  com- 
fortable quarters,  in  a  cool  barn,  feeding  her  by  hand  for  the  rea- 
sons just  given,  and  then  local  applications  of  borax  in  water,  or 
even  salt  water,  will  in  a  week  or  less  time,  restore  the  animal  to 
her  normal  condition.  Creolin  in  water,  about  ten  per  cent,  solu- 
tion, is  best  for  the  feet.  While  this  disease  yields  to  treatment 
without  much  difficulty,  yet  if  the  animal  is  allowed  to  remain  in 
the  hot,  wet  pastures  without  treatment,  the  result  is  often  a  Loss 
oi  one  or  more  of  the  animal's  hoofs,  and  other  serious  constitu- 
tional complications  may  arise.  This,  however,  will  not  he  the 
sequel  to  Mycotic  Stomatitis  if  the  animal  is  properly  Looked  after. 

It  will   cause  a  rapid  loss  of  both  milk  and   flesh  during  the  attack, 
though,  in  the  majority  of  cases. 


Second    Section    Dead    in    the    Diteh. 


17 

The  Difference  Between  Mycotic  Stomatitis  and  Contagious 

Foot  and  Mouth  Disease. 

In  the  first  place,  mycotic  stomatitis  is  very  similar  to  con- 
tagious Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  as  far  as  the  symptoms  to  the 
eye  are  concerned,  when  examining  affected  animals. 

History  and  Cause  Quite  Different. 

Mycotic  stomatitis  affects  cattle  only,  while  on  the  other  hand 
contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  spreads  rapidly  to  all  exposed 
cattle,  hogs,  sheep  and  goats.  Again  the  most  important  fact  is 
that  by  inoculation  with  contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease 
(merely  mop  the  mouth  of  an  affected  animal,  then  introduce  the 
said  mop  into  the  riiouth  of  a  healthy  calf),  the  disease  known  as 
Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  is  easily  produced.  While  in  mycotic 
stomatitis  the  healthy  animal  does  not  become  infected  by  associa- 
tion with,  or  inoculation  from,  an  affected  animal. 

In  mycotic  stomatitis  the  disease  often  occurs  in  a  few  animals 
in  widely  separated  pastures,  and  then  only  a  few  animals  in  a 
herd  are  affected  at  the  same  time.  While  in  contagious  Foot  and 
Mouth  Disease  all  susceptible  animals  exposed,  develop  the  disease 
about  the  same  time,  as  this  disease  spreads  rapidly  to  all  such 
animals,  and  is  carried  for  miles  by  persons,  dogs,  feed,  vehicles, 
bags,  and  anything  which  has  been  exposed  to  the  animal  affected 
with  contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease. 

In  fact,  in  mycotic  stomatitis  the  animal  shows  far  more  stiff- 
ness in  gait,  and  has  a  bad-looking,  scabby  formation  on  the  muz- 
zle (which  we  do  not  have  in  contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease). 
While  the  sores  in  the  mouth  are  not  so  extensive,  and  they  heal 
more  rapidly  in  mycotic  stomatitis  than  in  contagious  Foot  and 
Mouth  Disease. 

Mycotic  stomatitis  is  a  common  disease  in  this  State  during 
the  mid-summer  and  early  fall,  though  it  is  not  contagious,  there- 
fore it  should  not  be  mistaken  for  contagious  Foot  and  Mouth 
Disease. 


18 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 
Governor's  Office, 

Richmond. 

INTRASTATE  QUARANTINE  PROCLAMATION. 


Against  Shipments  of  Live  Stock  Received  in  Virginia  from  City 

of  Chicago  Since  October  1,  1914,  to  Prevent   Spread 

of  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease. 

Whereas,  it  has  been  determined  by  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry  that  the  virus  of  a  contagious,  communicable 
disease  known  as  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  exists  in  the  Union 
Stock  Yards,  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  State  of  Illinois,  and  notice 
of  same  has  been  furnished  the  State  Veterinarian  of  Virginia  by 
said  Bureau  :  and 

Whereas,  by  authority  conferred  by  Section  1599,  paragraph 
4,  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  March  12,  1908. 
authorizing  the  Virginia  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  to  estab- 
lish and  maintain  such  quarantine  rules  and  regulations  as  it  may 
deem  necessary  to  protect  the  domestic  animals  of  this  State  against 
all  contagious  diseases  affecting  live  stock,  said  Board  has,  through 
Dr.  J.  G.  Ferneyhough.  State  Veterinarian,  declared  quarantine 
against  shipments  of  live  stock  from  the  city  of  Chicago,  since 
October  1,  L914; 

Now,  Therefore,  I,  II.  C.  Stuart,  Governor  of  Virginia,  do 
hereby  proclaim  that  all  shipments  of  live  stock  received  in  the 
State  of  Virginia  from  the  city  of  Chicago  since  October  1.  L914, 
are  from  this  date  under  quarantine,  and  are  not  to  be  allowed  to 
mingle  with  other  live  stock  and  not  to  be  moved  until  permission 
is  given  by  the  State  Veterinarian,  or  until  this  order  is  rescinded. 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  under  the  Lesser  Seal  oi'  the  Com- 
monwealth, at  Richmond,  this  the  ninth  day  of  November,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fourteen,  and 
of  the  Commonwealth  the  one   hundred   and   thirty-ninth 

11.  C.  STUART. 

<  >  overnor. 
By  flu    (,'<jr<  rnor: 

B.  O.  JAMES, 

Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth. 


19 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 

Governor's  Office, 
Richmond. 

QUARANTINE  PROCLAMATION. 


Against  States  Under  Federal  Quarantine,  to  Prevent  Spread  of 

Contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  in  Cattle,  Sheep, 

Other  Ruminants  and  Swine. 

Whereas,  it  has  been  determined  by  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  and  notice  has  been  duly  given  to  the  State 
Veterinarian  of  Virginia,  that  a  contagious,  communicable  disease 
known  as  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  exists  in  live  stock  in  the  States 
of  Michigan,  NeAv  York,  Ohio,  Iowa,  Indiana,  Pennsylvania,  Mary- 
land, Massachusetts,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin;  and 

Whereas,  by  authority  conferred  by  Section  1599,  paragraph 
4,  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  approved  March  12,  1908,, 
authorizing  the  Virginia  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  to  estab- 
lish and  maintain  such  quarantine  against  all  contagious  diseases 
affecting  live  stock  in  other  States,  as  said  Board  may  deem  neces- 
sary to  protect  the  domestic  animals  of  this  State,  said  Board  has 
issued  such  order  establishing  quarantine  against  the  States  herein- 
before named,  and  has  issued  same  through  Dr.  J.  G.  Ferneyhough, 
State  Veterinarian; 

Now,  Therefore,  I,  H.  C.  Stuart,  Governor  of  Virginia,  do 
hereby  proclaim  that  the  State  of  Virginia  is  quarantined  against 
the  States  of  Michigan,  New  York,  Ohio,  Iowa,  Indiana,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  and  that 
no  cattle,  sheep,  other  ruminants  or  swine  shall  be  moved  into  Vir- 
ginia from  said  States  until  this  order  is  officially  rescinded. 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  under  the  Lesser  Seal  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, at  Richmond,  this  the  ninth  day  of  November,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fourteen,  and 
of  the  Commonwealth  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-ninth. 

H.  C.  STUART, 

Governor. 
By  the  Governor: 

B.  O.  JAMES, 

Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth. 


20 


COM  MUX  WEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 

Governor's  (  Office, 

Richmond. 

FOOT  AND  MOUTH  DISEASE  QUARANTINE  PROCLA- 
MATION. 


Against  the  County  of  Loudoun,  in  This  State,  to  Prevent  Spread 

of  Contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  in  Cattle.  Sheep, 

Other  Ruminants  and  Swine. 

Whereas,  it  has  been  determined  by  the  State  Veterinarian  of 
Virginia,  acting  in  connection  with  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  that  a  contagious,  communicable  disease,  known 
as  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  exists  in  live  stock  in  the  county  of 
Loudoun,  in  this  State;  and 

Whereas,  by  authority  conferred  by  Section  1599  of  the  Code 
of  Virginia,  as  amended  by  paragraph  4  of  an  act  of  the  General 
Assembly,  approved  March  12,  1908,  authorizing  the  Virginia  State 
Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  to  establish  and  maintain  such  quaran- 
tine against  all  such  contagious  diseases  as  said  Board  may  deem 
necessary  to  protect  the  domestic  animals  of  this  State,  said  Board 
has  issued  an  order  establishing  a  quarantine  against  the  county 
of  Loudoun,  and  has  accordingly  given  instructions  to  Dr.  J.  G. 
Ferneyhough,  State  Veterinarian,  to  enforce  same: 

Now,  Therefore,  I,  H.  C.  Stuart,  Governor  of  Virginia,  do 
hereby  proclaim  a  quarantine  against  the  county  of  Loudoun,  in 
the  State  of  Virginia,  and  do  direct  that  no  cattle,  sheep,  other 
ruminants  or  swine  shall  be  moved  out  of  said  county  of  Loudoun 
to  any  point  until  this  order  is  officially  rescinded. 

In  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  niv  hand,  and  caused 
the  Lesser  Seal  of  the  Commonwealth  to  be  affixed,  at  the  Capitol 
in  Richmond,  this  the  twenty-sixth  day  of  November,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fourteen,  and  of  the 
Commonwealth   the  one   hundred   and   thirty-ninth. 

il.  C.  STUART, 

Governor. 
By  the  Governor: 

B.  O.  JAMES, 

Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth. 


21 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 

Governor's  Office, 

Richmond. 

QUARANTINE  PROCLAMATION. 


Against  States  Where  Contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  Exists: 
in  Cattle,  Sheep,  Other  Ruminants  and  Swine. 

Whereas,  it  has  been  determined  by  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  and  notice  has  been  duly  given  to  the  State 
Veterinarian  of  Virginia,  that  the  contagious,  communicable  dis- 
ease known  as  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  exists  in  live  stock  in  the 
States  of  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kentucky, 
Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Montana,  New  Hampshire, 
New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  and 
Wisconsin;  and 

Whereas,  by  authority  conferred  by  Section  1599,  paragraph 
4,  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  approved  March  12,  1908, 
authorizing  the  Virginia  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  to  estab- 
lish and  maintain  such  quarantine  against  all  contagious  diseases 
affecting  live  stock  in  other  States,  as  said  Board  may  deem  neces- 
sary to  protect  the  domestic  animals  of  this  State,  said  Board  has 
issued  such  order  establishing  quarantine  against  the  States  herein- 
before named,  and  has  directed  its'  enforcement  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Ferney- 
hough,  State  Veterinarian ; 

Now  Therefore,  I,  H.  C.  Staurt,  Governor  of  Virginia,'  do 
hereby  declare  the  State  of  Virginia  quarantined  against  the  States 
of  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kentucky,  Mary- 
land, Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Montana,  New  Hampshire,  New 
Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  and  Wis- 
consin. No  cattle,  sheep,  other  ruminants  or  swine  shall  be  moved 
into  Virginia  from  any  of  said  States  for  any  purpose  until  this 
order  is  officially  rescinded  or  modified.  No  hides,  skins,  wool,  hair, 
horns  or  hoofs  of  such  animals,  and  no  hay,  straw  or  similar  fod- 
der, manure  or  litter  shall  be  moved  into  Virginia  from  any  of  said 
States  except  shipments  accompanied  in  each  instance  by  a  Federal 
permit,  issued  by  an  officer  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  in 
accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture,  until  this  order  is  officially  rescinded  or  modified. 


22 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  under  the  Lesser  Seal  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, at  Richmond,  this  the  fifth  day  of  February,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  the 
Commonwealth  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-ninth. 

*  H.  C.  STUART, 

Governor. 
By  the  Governor: 

B.  O.  JAMES, 

Secretin';/  of  the  Common/wealth. 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 

Governor's  Office, 
Richmond. 

QUARAXTIXE  PROCLAMATIOX. 


Quarantining   Union   Stock    Yards,   Richmond.    Ya..    Said    Yards 

Having    Been    Exposed    to    Infection    of    Contagious 

Foot  and  Mouth  Disease. 

Whereas,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Virginia  State  Veterinarian 
and  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  the  Union 
Stock  Yards,  Richmond,  Va.,  have  been  exposed  to  the  infection  of 
the  contagious  communicable  disease  known  as  Foot  and  Mouth 
Disease :  and 

Whereas,  by  authority  conferred  by  Section  L599,  paragraph 
3,  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  approved  March  l-_\  L908,  au- 
thorizing the  Virginia  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  to  establish 
and  maintain  such  quarantine  against  all  contagious  diseases  affect- 
ing  live  stock  as  said  Board  may  deem  necessary  to  protect  the 
domestic  animals  of  this  State,  said  board  has  issued  an  order 
quarantining  said  Union  Stock  Yards,  ami  has  directed  its  enforce- 
ment by  Dr.  J.  (J.  Ferneyhough,  State  Veterinarian; 

Now,  Therefore,  1.  II.  C.  Stuart,  Governor  of  Virginia,  do 
hereby     issue    this    proclamation    quarantining     said     I   nion     Stock 

Yards.  Richmond,  Va.,  and  do  prohibit   the  movement  of  Cattle. 

sheep,  other  riinii na nt s  or  swine   into  said   yards  except    shipments 

in  transit   and  now   within  the  borders  of  the  Mate  of  Virginia, 
until  this  order  is  officially  modified  or  rescinded.     All  live  stock 


23 

now  in  said  yards  may  be  slaughtered  in  the  adjacent  abattoirs 
under  direct  inspection  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry.  No  live  stock  now  in  said  yards  or  in  transit  shall  be 
moved  out  of  said  yards  except  for  slaughter  as  above  provided. 

(riven  under  my  hand,  and  under  the  Lesser  Seal  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, this  eighth  day  of  February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  the  Commonwealth 

the  one  hundred  and  thirty-ninth. 

H.  C.  STUART, 
By  the  Governor:  Governor. 

B.   O.  JAMES, 

Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth. 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 

Governor's  Office, 
Ricpimoxd. 

MODIFIED  QUARANTINE   PROCLAMATION. 


Against  States  Where  Contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  Exists 
in  Cattle,  Sheep,  Other  Ruminants  and  Swine. 

Whereas,  it  has  been  determined  by  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  and  notice  has  been  duly  given  to  the  State 
Veterinarian  of  Virginia,  that  the  contagious,  communicable  disease 
known  as  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  exists  in  live  stock  in  the  States 
of  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kentucky,  Mary. 
land,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Montana,  New  Hampshire,  New  Jer- 
sey, New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  and  Wisconsin; 
and 

Whereas,  by  authority  conferred  by  Section  1599,  paragraph 
4,  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  approved  March  12,  1908, 
authorizing  the  Virginia  Sta-te  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  to  es- 
tablished and  maintain  such  quarantine  against  all  contagious  dis- 
eases affecting  live  stock  in  other  States,  as  said  Board  may  deem 
necessary  to  protect  the  domestic  animals  of  this  State,  said  Board 
has  issued  such  order  establishing  quarantine  against  the  States 
hereinbefore  named,  and  has  directed  its  enforcement  by  Dr.  J.  G. 
Ferneyhough,  State  Veterinarian ; 

Now,  Therefore,  I,  H.  C.  Stuart,  Governor  of  Virginia,  do 
hereby  declare  the  State  of  Virginia  quarantined  against  the  States 


24 

of  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Illinois,  Indiana.  Iowa,  Kentucky,  Mary- 
land, Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Montana,  New  Hampshire.  New 
Jersey,  New  York.  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island  and 
Wisconsin.  Xo  cattle,  sheep,  other  ruminants  or  swine,  and  no 
hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns  or  hoofs  of  such  animals  shall  be 
moved  into  Virginia  from  any  of  said  States  for  any  purpose  until 
this  order  is  officially  rescinded  or  modified. 

Hay,  straw  or  similar  fodder  may  be  received  in  Virginia  from 
quarantined  States,  from  areas  defined  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  "Modified"  or 
"Restricted;" 

Provided,  that  the  owner  or  consignor  shall  first  file  an  affidavit 
with  the  transportation  company  at  point  of  shipment  certifying 
that  the  hay,  etc.,  was  harvested  in  "Modified"  or  "Restricted" 
area. 

Provided,  further,  that  waybill  is  endorsed  with  the  statement 
that  the  affidavit  aforesaid  is  on  file  at  point  of  shipment,  a  copy 
of  which  affidavit  shall  also  be  attached  to  said  waybill. 

Provided,  further,  that  waybill  is  endorsed  that  a  statement 
from  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture,  in  on  file  at  the  office  of  the  railway  issuing  said 
waybill,  certifying  that  the  county  in  which  such  shipment  origi- 
nated is  in  ''Modified"  or  "Restricted"  area  on  date  of  said  ship- 
ment, a  copy  of  which  statement  shall  also  accompany  said  waybill. 

No  hay,  etc.,  from  any  area   classified  by  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry,  United   States  Department  of  Agriculture,  on   date  of 
shipment  as  "Closed'"  or  "Exposed"  area,  shall  be  received  in  Vir- 
ginia. 

All  modifications  of  the  original  quarantine  against  the  live 
stock  of  the  States  above  mentioned  are  hereby  revoked,  and 
absolute  quarantine  is  hereby  declared  against  all  live  stock,  either 
for  immediate  slaughter  or  otherwise,  coming  through  or  from  the 
States  named  in  this  proclamation,  including  also  live  poultry  of 
all  kinds. 

(liven  under  my  hand,  and  under  the  Lesser  Seal  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, at  Richmond,  this  the  twenty-sixth  day  of  February, 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fifteen,  and 
of  the  Commonwealth  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-ninth. 

II.  c.  stuab  r, 

By  the  Governor:  Governor, 

B.  ().  JAMES, 

Secretary  of  tl><   Commonwealth 


Miller    Cattle    on    the    Way    to    the    Ditch    to    be    Shot. 


Second    Section    on    the    Way    to    the    Ditch. 


'    *       *       • 


25 

COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 

Governor's  Office, 
Richmond. 

FOOT   AND    MOUTH    DISEASE    IN    HENRICO    COUNTY 
QUARANTINE  PROCLAMATION. 


Whereas,  an  extensive  outbreak  of  a  malignant  and  communi- 
cable diseasoe,  known  as  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease,  has  been  located 
and  now  exists  on  the  premises  of  Miller  Brothers,  in  the  County 
of  Henrico,  near  Stop  IT  of  the  Richmond  and  Rappahannock  River 
Railroad  Company,  about  three  miles  east  of  the  limits  of  the  city 
of  Richmond ;  and 

Whereas,  there  is  grave  danger  of  the  spread  of  this  highly 
contagious  disease  to  the  great  detriment  and  practical  ruin  of  the 
live  stock  and  dairy  interest  of  Henrico  county,  and  possibly  ad- 
joining counties;  and 

Whereas,  the  disease  as  already  developed,  to  say  nothing  of 
further  development,  will  cost  the  State  of  Virginia  a  very  large 
sum  of  money  if  adequate  steps  are  to  be  taken  to  prevent  the 
spread  of  this  contagion; 

Noav,  Therefore,  I,  H.  C.  Stuart,  Governor  of  Virginia  acting 
in  conjunction  with  the  Virginia  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board,  and 
under  authority  conferred  in  Section  1599,  paragraph  3  of  an  act  of 
the  General  Assembly  approved  March  12,  1908,  do  hereby  declare  a 
quarantine  against  the  premises  of  the  said  Miller  Brothers,  and 
against  all  the  territory  within  a  radius  of  five  miles  thereof  in  all 
directions,  and  do  prohibit  the  movement  of  cattle,  sheep,  other 
ruminants  or  swine  on  or  over  the  public  highways  within  said 
radius,  whether  the  said  live  stock  originates  within  or  without 
the  said  radius,  and  whether  it  is  being  driven  into,  out  of  or 
through  the  said  radius; 

Provided,  however,  that  live  stock  within  the  said  five  mile 
area  above  described  may  be  moved  under  a  special  permit  given 
in  writing  by  the  State  Veterinarian  or  his  duly  authorized  deputy. 
This  permit,  signed  as  above  stated,  shall  be  in  the  hands  of  the 
person  in  charge,  and  shall  accompany  any  live  stock  moved  within 
the  said  five  miles  area. 

Quarantine  is  also  declared  against  all  hay,  straw  or  similar 
fodder,  hides,  skins,  wool,  horns,  hoofs,  litter  or  manure  within  the 
said  area,  except  by  written  permit  of  the  State  Veterinarian  or  his 
deputy,  accompanying  the  movement,  as  above  stated. 


26 

For  the  purpose  of  supervision  of  stock  and  enforcement  of 
these  rules  and  regulations,  and  for  the  granting  of  permits,  head- 
quarters have  been  opened  by  the  State  Veterinarian,  Dr.  J.  G. 
Ferneyhough,  at  Murphy's  Hotel,  Richmond.  Va.,  where  he  can  be 
reached  in  person  or  by  written  communication. 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  under  the  Lesser  Seal  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, at  Richmond,  this  the  first  day  of  March,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  the  Com- 
monwealth the  one  hundred  and  thirty-ninth. 

H.  C.  STUART. 


Governor. 


By  the  Governor: 

B.  O.  JAMES, 

/Secretary  of  the  iCommonwealth. 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 

•Governor's  Office. 
Richmond. 

MODIFIED  QUARANTINE  PROCLAMATION.  NO.  2. 


Against  States  Where  Contagious  Foot  and  Month  Disease  Exists 

in   Cattle,    Sheep,   Other  Ruminants   and    Swine,   and 

Against  the  District  of  Columbia. 


\-< 


Whereas,  it  has  been  determined  by  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  and  notice  has  been  duly  given  to  the  State 
Veterinarian  of  Virginia,  that  the  contagious,  communicable  disease 
known  as  the  Foot  and  Mouth  disease  exists  in  live  stock  in  the 
States  of  Connecticut,  Delaware.  Illinois.  Indiana.  Iowa.  Kansas, 
Kentucky,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Montana,  New 
Hampshire.  \e\v  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio.  Pennsylvania.  Rhode 
Island,  West  Virginia,  and  Wisconsin,  and  the  District  of  Columbia; 
and 

Whereas,  by  authority  conferred  by  Section  L599,  paragraph 
I,  of  an  net  of  the  General   Assembly,  approved   March   L2,  L90&, 

authorizing  the  Virginia  Slide  Live  Stock  Sanitary   Board  to  estab- 
lish and  maintain  such  quarantine  against  all  contagious  diseases 

affecting  live  stock   in  other  States,  as  said    Board  may  deem  neces- 


27 

:sary  to  protect  the  domestic  animals  of  this  State,  said  Board  has 
issued  such  order  establishing  quarantine  against  the  States  here- 
inbefore named,  and  against  the  District  of  Columbia; 

Now,  Therefore,  I,  H.  C.  Stuart,  Governor  of  Virginia,  do 
hereby  declare  the  State  of  Virginia  quarantined  against  the  States 
of  Connecticut,  Delaware.  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Ken- 
tucky, Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Montana,  Xew  Hamp- 
shire, Xew  Jersey,  Xew  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island, 
West  Virginia,  and  Wisconsin,  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  Xo 
cattle,  sheep,  other  ruminants  or  swine,  and  no  litter  or  manure 
of  such  animals  shall  be  moved  into  Virginia  from  any  of  said 
States  or  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  for  any  purpose,  until 
this  order  is  rescinded  or  modified. 

Hides,  skins,  wool.  hair,  horns  and  hoofs  of  such  animals  may 
be  received  in  Virginia  from  quarantined  States,  and  from  the 
-District  of  Columbia,  from  areas  defined  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  "Modified,"' 
"Restricted,"  or  "Free"; 

Provided,  that  the  owner  or  consignor  shall  first  file  an  affidavit 
with  the  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment  certify- 
ing that  the  hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns,  or  hoofs  were  taken 
from  the  animals  in  "Modified,"  "Restricted,"  or  "Free"  area ; 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent  of 
the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment,  with  the 
statement  that  the  affidavit  aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the 
said  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  certified 
copy  of  which  affidavit  shall  also  be  attached  to  said  waybill; 

Provided,  further,  that  said  waybill  is  endorsed  that  a  state- 
ment from  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry.  United  State  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  is  on  file  at  the  principal  office  of  the  trans- 
portation company  issuing  said  waybill,  showing  that  the  county 
in  which  such  shipment  originated  is  in  "Modified,"  "Restricted," 
or  "Free"  area  on  date  of  said  shipment,  and  giving  the  name  of 
the  county,  a  certified  copy  of  which  statement  shall  also  be  at- 
tached to  said  waybill: 

Hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns  and  hoofs  of  cattle,  sheep,  other 
ruminants  and  swine  may  be  received  in  Virginia  from  quaran- 
tined States  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  from  areas  de- 
fined by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry.  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture,  "Closed7"  or  "Exposed." 

Provided  said  hides,  skins,  wool.  hair,  horns  or  hoofs  of  such 


28 

animals  are  disinfected  prior  to  shipment  under  the  supervision 
of  an  inspector  of  the  said  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry : 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  accent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  with  the 
statement  that  a  certificate,  sinned  by  an  inspector  of  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  show- 
ing that  he  supervised  the  disinfection  of  the  said  hides,  skins, 
wool,  hair,  horns  or  hoofs,  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  said  trans- 
portation company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  certified  copy  of 
which  certificate  shall  also  be  attached  to  said  waybill: 

Hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns  and  hoofs  of  cattle,  sheep,  other 
ruminants  and  swine  which  have  received  antemortem  and  post- 
mortem Federal  inspection  may  be  received  in  Virginia  from 
quarantined  States  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  from  areas 
defined  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  "Closed"  or  "Exposed"  without  disin- 
fection ; 

Provided,  the  owner  or  consignor  shall  first  file  an  affidavit 
with  the  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  certify- 
ing that  the  said  hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns  or  hoofs  are 
from  animals  which  have  received  Federal  inspection  as  afore- 
said ; 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  with  the 
statement  that  the  affidvait  aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the 
said  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  certified 
copy   of   which   affidavit   shall   also   be   attached   to  said    waybill. 

Hay,  straw,  or  similar  fodder,  may  be  received  in  Virginia 
from  quarantined  States  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  from 
areas  defined  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry.  United  States 
Department  of   Agriculture,   "Modified,"  "Restricted."   or  "Free": 

Provided  that  the  owner  or  consignor  shall  first  file  an  affi- 
davit with  the  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment, 
certifying  that  the  hay.  straw,  or  similar  fodder,  was  harvested 
in  "Modified,"  "Restricted,"  or  "Free"  area; 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  with  the 
statement  that  (lie  affidavit  aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the 
said  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  certified 
copy  of  which  affidavit  shall  also  he  attached  to  said  waybill. 

Provided,  further,  that  said  waybill  is  endorsed  that  a  state- 
ment from  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  Depart- 


29 

ment  of  Agriculture,  is  on  file  at  the  principal  office  of  the  trans- 
portation company  issuing-  said  waybill,  showing  that  the  county 
in  which  such  shipment  originated  is  in  "Modified,"  "Restricted," 
or  "Free"  area  on  date  of  said  shipment,  and  giving  the  name 
of  the  county,  a  certified  copy  of  which  statement  shall  also  be 
attached  to  said  waybill. 

^o  hay,  straw,  or  similar  fodder,  shall  be  received  in  Vir- 
ginia from  quarantined  States  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia, 
from  any  area  defined  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United 
states  Department  of  Agriculture,  on  date  of  shipment,  "Closed"' 
or  "Exposed,"  except.  • 

Hay  or  straw  used  for  packing  purposes,  and  which  has  been 
disinfected  with  formalin  gas  in  the  manner  described  in  Farmers" 
ltiijjetin  3-15. 

Provided,  that  the  owner  or  consignor  of  such  hay  or  straw 
used  for  packing  purposes  shall  first  file  an  affidavit  with  the 
transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment  certifying  that 
the  facilities  for  disinfection  have  been  approved  by  an  inspector 
of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  and  that  the  said  hay  or  straw 
has  been  disinfected  as  aforesaid. 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  of  hay 
or  straw  for  packing  purposes  with  the  statement  that  the  affidavit 
aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  said  transportation  com- 
pany at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  certified  copy  of  which  affidavit 
shall  also  be  attached  to  the  waybill. 

Grain  for  seed  and  milling  purposes,  and  stock  feed  in  new- 
bags  or  containers  which  have  not  been  previously  used  for  any 
purpose  may  be  received  in  Virginia  from  quarantined  States  and 
from  the  District  of  Columbia ; 

Provided,  that  the  owner  or  consignor  shall  first  file  an  affi- 
davit with  the  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment 
certifying  that  the  bags  or  containers  in  which  grain  for  seed  and 
milling  purposes,  or  in  which  stock  feed,  is  offered  for  shipment, 
are  new  and  have  not  been  used  for  any  purpose  up  to  that  time 
and  have  not  been  exposed  to  contamination  through  live  stock, 
their  excretions,  or  by-products; 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  with  the 
statement  that  affidavit  aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  said 
transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  certified  copy 
of  which  affidavit  shall  also  be  attached  to  said  waybill. 


30 

No  bags  or  similar  containers  which  have  been  previously 
used  shall  be  received  in  Virginia  from  quarantined  States  or 
from  the  District  of  Columbia. 

All  modifications  of  the  original  quarantine  against  the  said 
live  stock  of  the  States  above  mentioned  are  hereby  revoked,  and 
absolute  quarantine  is  hereby  declared  against  all  such  live  stock, 
either  for  immediate  slaughter  or  otherwise,  coming  through  or 
from  the  States  named  in  this  proclamation,  and  from  the  Dis- 
trict  of   Columbia,   including   also   live   poultry    of   all   kinds. 

(liven  under  my  hand,  and  under  the  Lesser  Seal  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, at  Richmond,  this  the  tenth  day  of  March,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord,  "one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  the 
Commonwealth,  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-ninth. 

il.  C.  STUAKT, 

Govt  rnor. 
By  the  Governor: 

B.  O.  JAMES. 

Secretary  of  flu   C ommonwealth. 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 

Governor's  Office, 

Richmond. 

QUARANTINE  PROCLAMATION. 


Against  States  Where  Contagious  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  kxists 

in  Cattle,  Sheep,  Other  Ruminants  and  Swine,  and 

Against   the    District    of    Columbia. 


'.-■ 


Whereas,  it  has  been  determined  by  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  and  notice  has  been  duly  given  to  the  State 
Veterinarian  of  Virginia,  that  the  contagious,  communicable  dis- 
ease known  as  the  Foot  and  Mouth  Distase  exists  in  live  stock 
in  the  States  of  Connecticut.  Delaware.  Illinois,  Indiana.  Iowa- 
Kansas.    Kentucky.    .Maryland.    Massachusetts.    Michigan.    Montana, 

New    Hampshire,   New   .Jersey.    New    York.   Ohio,    Pennsylvania, 

Rhode    Island,   West    Virginia,  and    Wisconsin,  and   the    District  of 
(  Vlunihia  ;    and 

Whereas,  in   pursuance  of  authority  conferred  by  the  statutes 


31 

iii  such  cases  made  and  provided,  the  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board 
of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  the  Governor,  the  Chairman  of 
said  Board,  and  the  State  Veterinarian  have  established  a  quaran- 
tine and  have  prescribed  certain  orders,,  rules  and  regulations  for 
the  protection  of  live  stock  in  this  Commonwealth. 

Now,  Therefore,  I,  H.  C.  Stuart,  Governor  of  Virginia,  in 
accordance  with  the  statutes  in  such  cases  made  and  provided,  do 
hereby  and  herein  proclaim  the  boundaries  of  said  quarantine  and 
the  said  orders,  rules  and  regulations  prescribed  as  aforesaid,  to- 
wit:  The  State  of  Virginia  is  declared  to  be  quarantined  against 
the  States  of  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kan- 
sas, Kentucky,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Montana,  New 
Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode 
Island,  West  Virginia,  and  Wisconsin,  and  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia. No  cattle,  sheep,  other  ruminants  or  swine,  and  no  litter 
or  manure  of  such  animals  shall  be  moved  into  Virginia  from 
and  of  said  States  or  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  for  any 
purpose,  until  this  order  is  rescinded  or  modified. 

Hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns  and  hoofs  of  such  animals  may 
be  received  in  Virginia  from  quarantined  States,  and  from  the 
District  of  Columbia,  from  areas  defined  by  the  Bureau  of  Ani- 
mal Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  ''Modi- 
fied," "Restricted,"  or  "Free"; 

Provided,  that  the  owner  or  consignor  shall  first  file  an  affi- 
davit with  the  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment 
certifying  that  the  hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns,  or  hoofs  were 
taken  from  the  animals  in  "Modified,''  "'Restricted,*'  or  ""Free"' 
area ; 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment,  with  the 
statement  that  the  affidavit  aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the 
said  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  copy  of 
which  affidavit,  certified  by  the  said  agent  of  the  transportation 
company  as  a  true  copy,  shall  also  be  attached  to  said  waybill; 

Provided,  further,  that  said  waybill  is  endorsed  that  a  state- 
ment from  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  is  on  file  at  the  principal  office  of  the 
transportation  company  issuing  said  waybill,  showing  that  the 
county  in  which  such  shipment  originated  is  in  "Modified,"  "Re- 
stricted," or  "Free"  area  on  date  of  said  shipment,  and  giving  the 
name  of  the  county,  a  cop}7  of  which  statement,  certified  by  the 


32 

said  agent  of  the  transportation  company  as  a  true  copy,  shall  be 
attached  to  said  waybill. 

Hides,  skins,  wool,  horns  and  hoofs  of  cattle,  sheep,  other  rumi- 
nants and  swine  may  be  received  in  Virginia  from  quarantined 
States  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  from  areas  defined  by 
the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry.  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  "Closed"  or  "Exposed." 

Provided  said  hides,  skins,  wool.  hair,  horns  or  hoofs  of  such 
animals  are  disinfected  prior  to  shipment  under  the  supervision  of 
an  inspector  of  the  said  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry; 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
oi  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  with  the 
statement  that  a  certificate,  signed  by  an  inspector  of  the  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
showing  that  he  supervised  the  disinfection  of  the  said  hides,  skins, 
wool,  hair,  horns  or  hoofs,  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  said 
transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  copy  of  which 
certificate,  certified  by  the  said  agent  of  the  transportation  com- 
pany as  a  true  copy,  shall  also  be  attached  to  said  waybill; 

Hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns  and  hoofs  of  cattle,  sheep, 
other  ruminants  and  swine  which  have  received  antemortem  and 
postmortem  Federal  inspection  may  be  received  in  Virginia  from 
quarantined  States  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  from  areas 
defined  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  "Closed"  or  "Exposed"  without  disin- 
fection: 

Provided,  the  owner  or  consignor  shall  first  iile  an  affidavit 
with  the  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  certify- 
ing that  the  said  hides,  skins,  wool,  hair,  horns  or  hoofs  are  from 
animals  which    have  received   Federal   inspection   as  aforesaid. 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  with  the 
statement  that  the  affidavit  aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  ollice  of  the 
said  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  copy  of 
which  affidavit,  certified  by  the  said  agent  of  the  transportation 
company  as  a  true  copy,  shall  also  be  attached  to  said   waybill. 

Hay.  straw,  or  similar  fodder,  may  be  received  in  Virginia 
from  quarantined  States  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  from 
areas   defined    by   the    Bureau    of    Animal    Industry.    United    States 

Department  of  Agriculture,  "Modified,"  "Restricted,"  or  "Free"; 

Provided,  that  the  owner  <>r  consignor  shall  first  Iile  with  the 
transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment  an  affidavit,  eerti- 


33 

fying  that  the  hay,  straw,  or  similar  fodder,  was  harvested  in 
"Modified,"  "Restricted,"  or  "Free"  area;  or,  in  lieu  thereof,  an 
affidavit  as  described  in  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  Order  No. 
23G,  general  regulation  No.  12; 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  with  the 
statement  that  the  affidavit  aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the 
said  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  copy 
of  which  affidavit,  certified  by  the  said  agent  of  the  transportation 
company  as  a  true  copy,  shall  also  be  attached  to  said  waybill. 

Provided,  further,  that  said  waybill  is  endorsed  that  a  state- 
ment from  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  is  on  file  at  the  principal  office  of  the  trans- 
portation company  issuing  said  waybill,  showing  that  the  county 
in  which  such  shipment  originated  is  in  "Modified,"  "Restricted/5 
or  "Free"  area  on  date  of  said  shipment,  and  giving  the  name  of 
the  county,  a  copy  of  which  statement,  certified  by  the  said  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  as  a  true  copy,  shall  also  be  at- 
tached to  said  waybill. 

No  hay,  straw,  or  similar  fodder,  shall  be  received  in  Vir- 
ginia from  quarantined  States  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia, 
from  any  area  defined  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United 
State  Department  of  Agriculture,  on  date  of  shipment,  "Closed"5 
or  "Exposed, "  except  H 

Hay  or  straw  used  for  packing  purposes,  and  which  has  been 
disinfected  with  formalin  gas  in  the  manner  described  in  Farmers' 
Bulletin  345. 

Provided,  that  the  owner  or  consignor  of  such  hay  or  straw 
used  for  packing  purposes  shall  first  file  an  affidavit  with  the 
transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment  certifying  that 
the  facilities  for  disinfection  have  been  approved  by  an  inspector 
of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  and  that  the  said  hay  or  straw 
has  been  disinfected   as  aforesaid. 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  by  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  of  hay 
or  straw  for  packing  purposes  with  the  statement  that  the  affidavit 
aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  said  transportation  com- 
pany at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  copy  of  which  affidavit,  certified 
by  the  said  agent  of  the  transportation  company  as  a  true  copy, 
shall  also  be  attached  to  the  waybill. 

Grain  for  seed  and  milling  purposes,  and  stock  feed,  in  new 
bags  or  containers  which  have  not  been  previously  used  for  any 


34 

purpose,  may  be  received  in  Virginia  from  quarantined  States  and 
from  the  District  of  Columbia : 

Provided,  that  the  owner  or  consignor  shall  first  file  an  affidavit 
with  the  transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment  certify- 
ing that  the  bags  or  containers  in  which  grain  for  seed  and  mill- 
ing purposes,  or  in  which  stock  feed  is  offered  for  shipment,  are 
new  and  have  not  been  used  for  any  purpose  up  to  that  time  and 
have  not  been  exposed  to  contamination  through  live  stock,  their 
excretions,  or  by-products; 

Provided,  further,  that  the  waybill  is  endorsed  bv  the  agent 
of  the  transportation  company  accepting  said  shipment  with  the 
statement  that  affidavit  aforesaid  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  said 
transportation  company  at  the  point  of  shipment,  a  copy  of  which 
affidavit,  certified  by  the  said  agent  of  the  transportation  com- 
pany as  a  true  copy,  shall  also  be  attached  to  said  waybill. 

Xo  bags  or  similar  containers  which  have  been  previously 
used  shall  be  received  in  Virginia  from  quarantined  States  or 
from  the  District  of  Columbia. 

All  modifications  of  the  original  quarantine  against  the  said 
Jive  stock  of  the  States  above  mentioned  are  hereby  revoked,  and 
absolute  quarantine  is  hereby  declared  against  all  such  live  stock, 
•either  for  immediate  slaughter  or  otherwise,  coining  through  or 
from  the  States  named  in  this  proclamation,  and  through  or  from 
Jthe  District  of  Columbia,  including  also  live  poultry  of  all  kinds. 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  under  the  Lesser  Seal  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, at  Richmond,  this  the  sixth  day  of  April,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord,  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  the 
Commonwealth,  the  one  hundred  and   thirty-ninth. 

H.  C.  STUART, 

Governor. 
By  the  Governor: 

B.  O.  JAMES, 

Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth. 


vrPCTMA  STATE  LIVE  STOCK  SANITARY    BOARD, 
Office  or  State   Veterinarian, 

Richmond,  Ya..  April  22,  L915. 
Whereas,  by  the  provisions  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly 
approved   March   15,   l!>ir>,  the   State   Veterinarian   is  authorized, 


35 

by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor,  to  suspend  temporarily 
the  quarantine  rules  and  regulations  of  the  State  as  to  Foot  and 
Mouth  Disease,  in  particular  cases  or  classes  of  cases,  whenever 
in  the  opinion  of  the  said  Veterinarian  and  the  Governor  public 
interest  may  so  require. 

Now,  Thekefore,  the  undersigned,  J.  G.  Ferneyhough,  State 
Veterinarian,  acting  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor,  hereby 
modifies  the  rules  and  regulations  heretofore  enacted  by  the  State 
Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board,  and  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  acting 
in  his  own  official  capacity,  hereby  modifies  his  several  proclama- 
tions to  the  effect  that  second-hand  bags  or  similar  containers 
whether  empty  or  filled  with  unquarantined  food  stuffs  may  be 
received  in  Virginia  from  quarantined  States,  or  from  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  when  such  bags  or  sacks  have  been  disinfected 
with  formalin  gas  in  the  manner  prescribed  in  Farmers'  Bulletin 
Mo. 

Provided  that  the  owner  or  consignor  of  such  sacks  shall  first 
file  an  affidavit  with  the  transportation  company  at  the  point  of 
shipment  certifying  that  the  facilities  used  for  disinfection  have 
been  approved  by  an  inspector  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry, 
and  that  the  said  sacks  have  been  disinfected  as  aforesaid. 

The  rules  and  regulations  of  the  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary 
Board  and  the  several  proclamations  of  the  Governor  shall  remain 
in  full  force  and  effect,  except  as  herein  and  heretofore  amended 
or  modified. 


J.  G.  FERNEYHOUGH, 

State  Veterinarian. 


By  consent  of  the  Governor, 
H.  C.  STUART, 

Governor. 


36 

VIRGINIA  STATE  LIVE  STOCK  SANITARY  BOARD, 
Office  or   State   Veterinarian, 

Richmond.  Ya..  June  18,  1915. 

NOTICE     TO    TRANSPORTATION    COMPANIES     AND 
OTHERS  OPERATING  IN  THE  STATE  OE 

VIRGINIA. 

Whereas,  by  the  provisions  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly 
approved  March  15,  1915,  the  State  Veterinarian  is  authorized, 
by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor,  to  suspend  temporarily 
the  quarantine  rules  and  regulations  of  the  State  as  to  Foot  and 
Mouth  Disease,  in  particular  cases  or  classes  of  cases,  whenever 
in  the  opinion  of  the  said  Veterinarian  and  the  Governor  public- 
interest  may  so  require. 

Now,  Therefore,  the  undersigned,  J.  G.  Eerneyhough.  State 
Veterinarian,  acting  with  the"  consent  of  the  Governor,  hereby 
modifies  the  rules  and  regulations  heretofore  enacted  by  the  State 
Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board,  and  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  acting 
in  his  own  official  capacity,  hereby  modifies  his  several  proclama- 
tions to  the  cll'ect  that  hay.  straw  or  similar  fodder,  and  bags  or 
similar  containers  used  for  grain  or  stock  feed,  may  be  received 
in  Virginia  without  any  restrictions  whatever  from  those  States 
in  which  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  has  reduced  all  counties  to  areas  described 
as  "modified,"  ''restricted, "  or  "free,"  which  at  this  time  includes 
the  States  of  Delaware,  Iowa,  Indiana,  Montana.  New  Hampshire. 
Rhode  Island,  Michigan,  West  Virginia,  and  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia. In  the  future  Virginia  State  restrictions  will  change 
automatically  to  conform  to  modifications  made  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  as  above  described. 
without  official  notice  thereof  from  this  office,  relative  to  othei 
States  now  under  Federal  and  State  quarantine  on  account  of 
Eoot  and  Mouth  Disease. 

s/iitcs  From    Which  Federal  Quarantine   Ho*  /><<u    Entirely 

h*<  m oral. 

Since  an  order,  signed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  has  declared  the  following  States  en- 
tirely free  area:  Delaware,  Iowa,  and  New  Hampshire,  the  Vir- 
ginia quarantine  against  the  said  states  is  hereby  also  removed. 


37 

In  the  future,  when  an  entire  State  is  declared  to  be  free  area 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  United  State  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Virginia  quarantine  restrictions  are  thereby  automatically  removed 
on  the  said  Federal  free  States  without  official  notice  thereof,  from 
this  office. 

The  rules  and  regulations  of  the  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary 
Board  and  the  several  proclamations  of  the  Governor  shall  remain 
in  full  force  and  effect,  except  as  herein  and  heretofore  amended 
or  modified. 


J.  G.  FERNEYHOUGH, 

State  'Veterinarian. 


By  consent  of  the  Governor, 
H.  C.  STUART, 
Governor. 


VIRGINIA  STATE  LIVE  STOCK  SANITARY  BOARD, 

Office  of   State  Veterinarian, 

Richmond,  Va.,  February  22,  1916. 

NOTICE    TO    TRANSPORTATION     COMPANIES     AND 
OTHERS  OPERATING  IN  THE  STATE  OF 

VIRGINIA. 

Whereas,  by  the  provisions  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly 
approved  March  15,  1915,  the  State  Veterinarian  is  authorized, 
by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor,  to  suspend  temporarily 
the  quarantine  rules  and  regulations  of  the  State  as  to  Foot  and 
Mouth  Disease,  in  particular  cases  or  classes  of  cases,  whenever 
in  the  opinion  of  the  said  Veterinarian  and  the  Governor  public 
interest  may  so  require. 

Now,  Therefore,  the  undersigned,  J.  G.  Ferneyhough,  State 
Veterinarian,  acting  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor,  hereby 
modifies  the  rules  and  regulations  heretofore  enacted  by  the  State 
Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board,  and  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  acting 
in  his  own  official  capacity,  hereby  modifies  his  several  proclama- 
tions to  the  effect  that  cattle,  sheep,  other  ruminants  or  swine 
originating  in  Federal  free  areas  may  be  shipped  into  Virginia  for 
immediate  slaughter.     Such   shipments  must  be  made  in   accord- 


38 

ance  with  the  regulations  of  the   Federal    Bureau   of   Animal  In- 
dustry. 

Cattle,  sheep,  other  ruminants  or  swine  originating  in  Federal 
"closed."  "exposed,"  "modified,"  or  "restricted"  areas  are  forbid- 
den to  enter  the  State  of  Virginia   for  any   purpose. 

The  rules  and  regulations  of  the  State  Live  Stock  Sanitary 
Board  and  the  several  proclamations  of  the  Governor  shall  remain 
in  full  force  and  effect,  except  as  herein  and  heretofore  amended 
or  modified. 

J.  G.  FERXE  THOUGH, 

State  Veterinarian. 
By  order  of  the  Governor, 
H.  C.  STUART, 

Governor. 


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THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


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